Fue nombrada Molécula del Año en 1992 y tres investigadores recibieron el Premio Nobel en Medicina en 1998 por el descubrimiento de su participación en la relajación del músculo liso del sistema cardiovascular. El óxido nítrico (NO), una de las diez moléculas más pequeñas que existen, es un gas importante como contaminante ambiental y un compuesto clave en los sistemas biológicos porque participa en la señalización intracelular. Therefore, regulation in NO synthesis is very important to maintain a balance between health and disease. Moreover, nitric oxide production is considered as an unspecific defense mechanism in infections caused by Entamoeba histolytica, Trichomonas vaginalis and Salmonella. This short-lived molecule, 0.5 – 5 s, rapidly reacts with oxygen to generate toxic products, as well as with some macromolecules by reducing its availability both processes are involved in diverse pathologies. Nitric oxide is enzymatically synthesized by the Nitric Oxide Synthase. This molecule was distinguished as the Molecule of the Year on 1992 three researchers were awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine or Physiology, on 1998, by their participation in its discovery and relaxation of smooth muscle in the cardiovascular system. Nitric oxide (NO) is one of the ten smallest molecules existing, this gas is important as pollutant and also by its role in intracellular signaling in many biological processes.
#Translate pro texana Activator#
It can be concluded that this extract may act as an acute activator of nitric oxide production in macrophages, settling an antecedent to study the use of Castela texana compounds as immunological adjuvants. The Castela texana extract triggered a high production of nitric oxide at short times (6 and 12 h) compared to the concentration of nitric oxide induced by the positive controls with LPS and complete Freund's adjuvant. The Castela texana methanolic-extract showed a high cytotoxic activity so only the lowest concentration (10 μg/mL) was evaluated on the production of nitric oxide in murine macrophages. Then thioglycollate-elicited peritoneal cells were cultured and tested for nitric oxide production, which was determined by Griess method at 6, 12 and 24 h post-treatment within the following experimental groups 1) Negative control supplemented with 2% PBS, 2) Positive control supplemented with 2% LPS extract, 3) Positive control supplemented with 2% complete Freund´s adjuvant, and 4) Castela texana supplemented with 2% methanolic-extract 10 µg/mL. The citotoxicity of Castela texana methanolic-extracts (10, 1 μg/mL) was evaluated with a haemolytic activity model.
The objective of this work was to evaluate the immunomodulatory activity of the methanolic-extract of Castela texana leaf on the production of nitric oxide in murine peritoneal macrophages, since these cells are the major players of the first line of defense of the immune response. Gray) Rose is a native plant to the arid regions of northern Mexico, whose medicinal properties includes antipyretic, antiparasitic, antibacterial and immunomodulatory activity.
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